This buttress is a mass of masonry or brickwork used as a support or brace counteracting the outward thrust of the arch or vault, which is caused by the heavy stone roof of a Gothic Cathedral. Romanesque architecture: It became more evident with the construction of temples, churches, and large-scale monasteries, both firm and massive, in order to avoid their destruction and deterioration over time, serving as an evolution to perfect and solve the problems in this realization. they nonetheless serve adequately as entries into the era. The most elaborate type worked on a counterpoise system; the chains were suspended from beams which, when the bridge was drawn up, fitted into recesses provided above the entrance. Forerunners of this style: John Ruskin, Augustus Pugin and Richard Upjohn. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Romanesque secular and domestic architecture, Architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School, List of medieval stone bridges in Germany, Photographs and Plans of Crusader, Armenian and Byzantine Architecture in Turkey, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medieval_architecture&oldid=975577268, Articles lacking in-text citations from November 2018, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "Building the House of God: Architectural Metaphor and, Rudolph, Conrad, "Building-Miracles as Artistic Justification in the Early and Mid-Twelfth Century,", Rudolph,Conrad, "The Architectural Metaphor in Western Medieval Artistic Culture: From the Cornerstone to, This page was last edited on 29 August 2020, at 08:26. The point where the nave and transept cross is called the crossing. Wasserburg: A German term for a castle built on a bank or island of a river, making use of the water way in their defence. It rose partly in reaction against the excesses of Baroque and Rococo. Hanging arch: An arch which has, or seems to have, no vertical supports. Niche: A hollow or recess in a wall or other solid architectural element. Verticality is emphasized in Gothic architecture, which features almost skeletal stone structures with great expanses of glass, pared-down wall surfaces supported by external flying buttresses, pointed arches using the ogive shape, ribbed stone vaults, clustered columns, pinnacles and sharply pointed spires. Schildmauer: An especially strong wall provided with galleries and arrow slits, built across the only line of approach of a castle which was usually built on a mountain craig or spur. Danske: The sewage tower of a castle constructed by the Teutonic Knights, which was detached from the main body of the castle, and was only accessible by a gallery supported by five large arches. Art Nouveau: A French term meaning 'new art,' refers to a style of architecture, decorative art and some painting and sculpture popular around 1900. Founders of this style include: C. Philip Johnson and Bertram Goodhue. Medieval architecture featured various styles from Romanesque, French style and Gothic styles of architecture. Transept: The arm of a cruciform church, perpendicular to the nave. Jamb: A vertical element of a doorway or window frame. Perpendicular Gothic: is the last of England's medieval architectural styles, originating in London about 1300, through about 1485. It is normally broader than the width of the nave and aisles. Forerunners of this style: John Ruskin, Augustus Pugin and Richard Upjohn. Sarcophagus: A stone coffin, often bearing sculpture and inscriptions. In the medieval period, the capital was often used without a strict adherence to the rest of the system. Stylobate - the foundation on which a row of columns stand. Impressionism: An art movement beginning in France in the 1870's, founded by an individualistic group of artists including, among others, Claude Monet, Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley and Camille Pissarro; all concerned themselves mainly with the components of light and the immediate visual impression of a scene using unconnected colors that were to be mixed by the eye; bright colors and bold brushwork were often used to achieve these impressions. Gothic: Pertaining to European art and architecture, between the 12th-15th Centuries. See water castle. They could be withdrawn, thrown down or destroyed if necessary, depending on the situation. The early western Christian, also called the Christian-Roman, is regarded as the typical style of the early Christian Church. (Gr. Flying buttresses: A free-standing buttress attached to the main nave, choir, or transept wall by an arch or half-arch which transmits the thrust of the vault to the buttress attached to the outer wall of the aisle. Vault: An arched, masonry structure covering, that spans an interior space. Keystone: The voussoir at the top of an arch. Mark: lion Luke: ox The term comes from the Greek empeiria, meaning "experience." Consisting of a stone keep surrounded by a walled enclosure, the keep either incorporated or replaced the motte. Vogue for 'gothick' architecture fantasies. (G. wasser, water; burg, castle). Once the bailey was taken by an enemy, the next part of the operation was to take the keep. (G. wasser, water; burg, castle). Paintings and mosaics are characterized by the rich use of color and the figures seem flat and stiff, sometimes appearing to be floating in air and have large eyes. Castle Architecture Learning a few terms will enhance your experience among Europe’s medieval fortresses Often slightly curved to aid drainage. See bascule bridge. Romanesque: meaning "in the Roman manner;" medieval European style of architecture, consisting of solid masonry walls, rounded arches, and masonry vaults, characteristic of Roman Imperial buildings. Schildmauer: An especially strong wall provided with galleries and arrow slits, built across the only line of approach of a castle which was usually built on a mountain craig or spur. It is distinguished from the philosophical tradition of rationalism, which holds that human reason apart from experience is a basis for some kinds of knowledge. For additional castle architecture terms and castle siege definition, please Click Here .