Germanium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. Source: Jensan Scientifics Visit my page about element collecting for a general description, or see photographs of all the samples from the set in a periodic table layout or with bigger pictures in numerical order. The symbol of resistivity is usually the Greek letter ρ (rho). Common chemical compounds are … From the Latin word Germania, Germany. Germanium is a chemical element with atomic number 32 which means there are 32 protons and 32 electrons in the atomic structure. It was predicted as an element ("eka-silicon") by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1871 from calculations made during the construction of his periodic table, and it was discovered by Clemens Winkler in 1886. Discoverer: Scientists at Dubna, Russia (1964)/Albert Ghiorso et. 32. The information contained in this website is for general information purposes only. They have an energy gap less than 4eV (about 1eV). A low resistivity indicates a material that readily allows the flow of electric current. Germanium is a metalloid element. Germanium. Home > Facts > Periodic Table Facts > Germanium Facts Germanium (Ge) is a gray-white element known as a semi-metal. m. Electrical resistivity and its converse, electrical conductivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how strongly it resists or conducts the flow of electric current. A crystal lattice is a repeating pattern of mathematical points that extends throughout space. Germanium is obtained from refining copper, zinc and lead. Discoverer: Priestley, Joseph and Scheele, Carl Wilhelm, Discoverer: Ramsay, William and Travers, Morris, Discoverer: Ramsay, Sir William and Strutt, John (Lord Rayleigh), Discoverer: Del Rio, Andrés Manuel (1801) and Sefström, Nils Gabriel (1830), Discoverer: Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Paul-Émile, Discoverer: Ramsay, Sir William and Travers, Morris, Discoverer: Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm and Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert, Discoverer: Perrier, Carlo and Segrè, Emilio, Discoverer: Reich, Ferdinand and Richter, Hieronymus, Discoverer: Müller von Reichenstein, Franz Joseph, Discoverer: Ramsay, William and Travers, Morris William, Discoverer: Kirchhoff, Gustav and Bunsen, Robert. and Gay-Lussac, L.-J. Atomic Number: 32 Germanium is a gray-white metalloid, and an important semiconductor material. Germanium was discovered by Clemens A. Winkler in 1886, in Germany, in a mineral sample from a silver mine. in Newton Desk, Periodic Table Leave a comment 2,276 views 11 32 Ge (Germanium) Flashcard of Germanium. and an insulator, such as glass. Winkler's original name for germanium was Neptunium. This is a lustrous, hard, silver-white, metalloid that is chemically similar to tin. Germanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. The Periodic table of elements. Discoverer: Davy, Sir H. and Thénard, L.-J. 2) You may not distribute or commercially exploit the content, especially on another website. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Germanium's existence was predicted before anyone isolated it. Germanium has been widely used for manufacturing of semiconductors. (1969), Discoverer: Scientists at Dubna, Russia (1967)/Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (1970), Discoverer: Armbruster, Paula and Muenzenberg, Dr. Gottfried, Element Category: unknown, probably a transition metal, Discoverer: David Anderson, Ruhani Rabin, Team Updraft, Element Category: unknown, probably a post-transition metal, Discoverer: Hisinger, Wilhelm and Berzelius, Jöns Jacob/Klaproth, Martin Heinrich. Germanium - Periodic Table. Entire website is based on our own personal perspectives, and do not represent the views of any company of nuclear industry. By 1869, Mendeleev had assembled a crude table of the known elements, arranging them according to their chemical properties and atomic weights. Periodic Table of Elements Element Germanium - Ge. Pure germanium is a semiconductor with an appearance similar to elemental silicon. Areas covered include atomic structure, physical properties, atomic interaction, thermodynamics, identification, atomic size, crystal structure, history, abundances, and nomenclature. Use the buttons above to change your view of the periodic table and view Murray Robertson’s stunning Visual Elements artwork. Germanium is the third element of the fourteenth column of the periodic table. Germanium is used in transistors and in integrated circuits. Each entry has a full citation identifying its source. Comprehensive data on the chemical element Germanium is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Germanium. Atomic number of silicon is 32 and is indicated by the symbol Ge. The ground state electronic configuration of neutral germanium is [Ar].3d 10.4s 2.4p 2 and the term symbol of germanium is 3 P 0.. Germanium: description Your user agent does not support the HTML5 Audio element. Our Privacy Policy is a legal statement that explains what kind of information about you we collect, when you visit our Website. The price of 99.9999 % pure germanium ingot is 1088.10 € … Complete and detailed technical data about the element Germanium in the Periodic Table. The discovery of germanium filled a spot predicted by Mendeleev's periodic table. Log in, This site uses cookies to improve your experience. Germanium is a 32. chemical element in the periodic table of elements. The chemical symbol for Germanium is Ge. Conductors are made of high-conductivity materials such as metals, in particular copper and aluminium. Germanium is unaffected by alkalis and most (except nitric) acids. from ionizing radiation) to cross the band gap and to reach the conduction band. Our Periodic Element comparison tool allows you to compare Periodic Elements properties side by side for all 118 elements | SchoolMyKids Interactive Dynamic Periodic Table, Periodic Table Element Comparison tool, Element Property trends Lanthanoids comprise the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum through lutetium. Like germanium, the planet Neptune had recently been discovered from predictions from mathematical data. Visit my page about element collecting for a general description, or see photographs of all the samples from the set in a periodic table layout or with bigger pictures in numerical order. The name semiconductor comes from the fact that these materials have an electrical conductivity between that of a metal, like copper, gold, etc. The chemical symbol for Germanium is Ge. Element 32 of Periodic table is Germanium with atomic number 32, atomic weight 72.64. Germanium, a chemical element places between silicon and tin in Group 14 of the periodic table. The Royal Society of Chemistry's interactive periodic table features history, alchemy, podcasts, videos, and data trends across the periodic table. There are 14 general types of such patterns known as Bravais lattices. Our Website follows all legal requirements to protect your privacy. Close-up. It is similar in properties to the other metalloids near it in the periodic table which are silicon and arsenic. Model ChemLab - A Virtual ChemLab Free Trial Software Available: Name: Germanium Symbol: Ge Atomic Number: 32 AtomicWeight: 72.610000 Family: metalloids CAS RN: 7440-56-4 Description: A greyish white metalloid (semi-conductor) State (25 °C): Solid Melting Point: 1211 °K Boiling Point: 3106 °K Density: 5.323 g/cm 3 Oxidation states: +2,+4 Electron Configuration: [Ar] 3d 1 0 4s 2 4p 2 For all the basics about germanium, check out the Visual Elements Periodic Table. The existence of germanium was predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, after he developed the periodic table of elements, according to Chemistry Explained. Four other elements expand when they freeze; silicon, bismuth, antimony and gallium. Germanium Trivia . It has an atomic number of thirty-two and has a high luster at room temperature. Like silicon, germanium naturally reacts and forms complexes with oxygen in nature. In solid-state physics, this energy gap or band gap is an energy range between valence band and conduction band where electron states are forbidden. In metals, and in many other solids, the atoms are arranged in regular arrays called crystals. Next Section » Arranging the elements by atomic weight left some gaps in the table. Compare Arsenic vs Germanium of the Periodic Table on all their Facts, Electronic Configuration, Chemical, Physical, Atomic properties. Semiconductors are materials, inorganic or organic, which have the ability to control their conduction depending on chemical structure, temperature, illumination, and presence of dopants. In contrast to conductors, electrons in a semiconductor must obtain energy (e.g. Source: Jensan Scientifics Discoverer: Corson, Dale R. and Mackenzie, K. R. The actinide or actinoid series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium. Germanium was one of the elements whose existence was predicted in 1869 by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev, after he noticed a gap between silicon and tinin his periodic table. It is classified as a metalloid. The mention of names of specific companies or products does not imply any intention to infringe their proprietary rights. Characteristics and Properties It is widely used in semiconductors when combined with tiny amounts of phosphorus, arsenic, gallium and antimony. To understand the difference between metals, semiconductors and electrical insulators, we have to define the following terms from solid-state physics: A possible crystal structure of Germanium is face-centered diamond cubic structure. ), crystalline, brittle, and gray-white metalloid. Visualize trends, 3D orbitals, isotopes, and mix compounds. Germanium (Ge), a chemical element between silicon and tin in Group 14 (IVa) of the periodic table, a silvery-gray metalloid, intermediate in properties between the metals and the nonmetals.Although germanium was not discovered until 1886 by Clemens Winkler, a German chemist, its existence, properties, and position in the periodic system had been predicted in 1871 by the … We assume no responsibility for consequences which may arise from the use of information from this website. Mendeleev called it "ekasilicon". Electrical resistance is expressed in Ohms. Mendeleev predicted the existence of Germanium in 1871 as ekasilicon, and the element was discovered by Winkler in 1886. Trivial name of Germanium is tetrels, crystallogens. Interactive periodic table showing names, electrons, and oxidation states. Mendeleev theorized that there were several elements yet to be discovered, including element No. The element is mostly distributed in nature, but it’s too reactive to occur free. Germanium was discovered by Clemens Alexander Winkler in Germany in 1886 in a mineral sample from a silver mine. Winkler named the element as germanium for the country of Germany. This sample represents germanium in the "The Grand Tour of the Periodic Table" mineral collection from Jensan Scientifics. Atomic Number – Does it conserve in a nuclear reaction? Germanium Element: Germanium is the chemical element and it is a member of group 14 and period 4 in the periodic table. Germanium, symbol Ge, has a Face Centered Cubic structure and Gray color. Fully descriptive writeups. Handwriting chemical element Germanium Ge with black pen, test tube and pipette. Germanium is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. D. I. Mendeleev had first predicted its existence in 1871 because of a gap in the periodic table. The forces of chemical bonding causes this repetition. al. 1) You may use almost everything for non-commercial and educational use. Discoverer: McMillan, Edwin M. and Abelson, Philip H. Discoverer: Glenn T. Seaborg, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edward M. McMillan, Arthur C. Wohl, Discoverer: Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn T. Seaborg, Kenneth Street, Jr., Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn T. Seaborg, Bernard G. Harvey, Gregory R. Choppin, Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Albert Ghiorso, Glenn T. Seaborg, Torbørn Sikkeland, John R. Walton, Discoverer: Albert Ghiorso, Torbjørn Sikkeland, Almon E. Larsh, Robert M. Latimer. Our germanium page has over 240 facts that span 97 different quantities. Substances in which electricity can flow are called conductors. While resistivity is a material property, resistance is the property of an object. Pure germanium is a lustrous (retaining its luster in air at room temperature. The Cookies Statement is part of our Privacy Policy. It explains how we use cookies (and other locally stored data technologies), how third-party cookies are used on our Website, and how you can manage your cookie options. Germanium is a lustrous, hard, greyish- white a metalloid. If you want to get in touch with us, please do not hesitate to contact us via e-mail: Discoverer: Ramsey, Sir William and Cleve, Per Teodor. Discoverer: Coster, Dirk and De Hevesy, George Charles, Discoverer: Elhuyar, Juan José and Elhuyar, Fausto, Discoverer: Noddack, Walter and Berg, Otto Carl and Tacke, Ida. It is a lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbours silicon and tin. In 1885, Clemens Winkler, a German chemist, discovered what was then referred to as \"eka-silicon\" in an ore known as argyrodite. Germanium. These elements, along with the chemically similar elements scandium and yttrium, are often collectively known as the rare earth elements. Germanium is used to make nanowires, which is one of its most recent usages. To find out more, see our. Discoverer: Marinsky, Jacob A. and Coryell, Charles D. and Glendenin, Lawerence. Germanium is not present in its pure elemental form and mostly extracted from its zinc ore (sphalerite) and from ores of copper, silver and lead. Germanium Ge (Element 32) of Periodic Table. Mendeleev provisionally called the predicted element eka-silicon. But his table had a number of prominent gaps. It is used as an alloying agent and as a catalyst. It is this repeated pattern which control properties like strength, ductility, density, conductivity (property of conducting or transmitting heat, electricity, etc. Germanium took the place of the placeholder element eka-silicon. ), and shape. Germanium is an abundant element and is ranked as the 15th most abundant element in the earth’s crust. Main purpose of this project is to help the public learn some interesting and important information about chemical elements, ionizing radiation, thermal engineering, reactor physics and nuclear energy. Analysis indicated the sample – a rather rare mineral called argyrodite – containe… E. Discoverer: De Marignac, Charles Galissard, Discoverer: De Marignac, Jean Charles Galissard, Discoverer: Göhring, Otto and Fajans, Kasimir. Germanium atoms have 32 electrons and 32 protons with 4 valence electrons in the outer shell. Germanium also has the unusual property that (like water) it expands as it freezes. melting point: 937.4 ° C boiling point: 2,830 ° C density: 5.323 g/cm 3 most common ion: Ge 4+ Ge 2+ Germanium has chemical and physical properties similar to those of silicon. Transport of thermal energy in solids may be generally due to two effects: Copyright 2020 Periodic Table | All Rights Reserved |. Uses: The most common use of germanium is as a semiconductor. Note that, electrical resistivity is not the same as electrical resistance. This germaniu… What is Discovery of the Neutron - Definition, What is Structure of the Neutron - Definition. This sample represents germanium in the "The Grand Tour of the Periodic Table" mineral collection from Jensan Scientifics. Various organic compounds of germanium have diverse applications, such as tetraethyl germane is widely used in the study of organometallic chemistry. Insulators, on the other hand, are made of a wide variety of materials depending on factors such as the desired resistance. Germanium is used in making optical fibers and solar cells. Click the tabs at the top to explore each section. The three most common basic crystal patterns are: This website was founded as a non-profit project, build entirely by a group of nuclear engineers. For more information, fun facts, and incredible photos of germanium, check out The Elements by Theodore Gray . We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. History Germanium is named for Germany, where Clemens Winkler discovered it in 1886 in a compound called argyrodite. This was a triumph for Dmitri Mendeleev in his construction of the periodic table. First proposed to exist by Dmitri Mendeleyev in 1871. A hard, grey-white, lustrous and brittle metalloid acts in properties between metals and nonmetals. Germanium Chemical 32 element of periodic table. It has 32 protons and 32 electrons in the atomic structure. Germanium's abundance in the Earth's crust is approximately 1.6 ppm. The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm-metre (Ω⋅m). Extremely pure germanium crystals are obtained through a technique termed as zone refining which produces semiconductor grade germanium with an impurity of 1 in 1010. Atomic Mass Number – Does it conserve in a nuclear reaction? It is used to make light emitting diodes (LEDs). Germanium atoms have 32 electrons and the shell structure is 2.8.18.4.