[19] The fruit of many species has never been collected or properly examined, however, so other species may have edible fruit. Durio kutejensis (durian pekawai), Durio oxlevanus, Durio graveolens, and Durio dulcis (lahong) are other examples. Several medical investigations on the validity of this belief have been conducted with varying conclusions,[10] though a study by the University of Tsukuba finds the fruit's high sulphur content inhibits the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase, causing a 70 percent reduction of the ability to clear toxins from the body. In 1929, J. D. Gimlette wrote in his Malay Poisons and Charm Cures that the durian fruit must not be eaten with brandy. A common saying is that a durian has eyes, and can see where it is falling, because the fruit allegedly never falls during daylight hours when people may be hurt. A great fusion of flavours. The wide range of descriptions for the odour of durian may have a great deal to do with the variability of durian odour itself. Detox, detox, detox!Put down your açaí-kale-gogi-maca-chia seed smoothie and crack open a durian. In this state, the flesh becomes richly creamy, slightly alcoholic,[44] the aroma pronounced and the flavour highly complex. [23] The edible portion of the fruit, known as the aril and usually referred to as the "flesh" or "pulp", only accounts for about 15–30% of the mass of the entire fruit. [64], Tempoyak, made from fermented durian in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, Tempoyak ikan patin, catfish in tempoyak curry, Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia, Ketan durian, glutinous rice with durian sauce in Indonesia, Durian cake made of durian-flavoured dodol, Indonesian traditional sweet candy, Keripik durian Medan (durian chips) in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia, A street side durian ice cream in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Durian Keju Bollen, a pastry filled with cheese and durian cream in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, Durian cakes from Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, Raw durian is composed of 65% water, 27% carbohydrates (including 4% dietary fibre), 5% fat and 1% protein. [10] The durian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit, an unrelated species. All content is informational purpose only, DrHealthbenefits.com does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment. Rinse until the slime is reduced and drained. Nutritional benefits of durian. Some species grow so tall that they can only be collected once they have fallen to the ground, whereas most cultivars of D. zibethinus are nearly always cut from the tree and allowed to ripen while waiting to be sold. [3][4] Durio zibethinus is the only species available in the international market: other species are sold in their local regions. Rinse it until the slime is reduced and drained. A ripe jackfruit offers a distinctive gummy texture that can shock and disgust some. [29], Popular cultivars in Malaysia and Singapore (Singapore imports most of its durians from Malaysia, hence the varieties are similar although there may be slight variation in the names) include "D24", which is a popular variety known for its bittersweet taste; "XO", which has a pale colour, thick flesh with a tinge of alcoholic fermentation; "Chook Kiok" (Cantonese meaning: bamboo leg) which has a distinctive yellowish core in the inner stem; and "Musang King" ('musang' is the Malay word for palm civet) which is usually the priciest of all cultivars. Or you can make durian custard, flavouring as you want. Although the durian is not native to Thailand, Thailand is ranked the world's number one exporter of durian, producing around 700,000 tonnes of durian per year, 400,000 tonnes of which are exported to mainland China and Hong Kong. Then there is a rich glutinous smoothness in the pulp which nothing else possesses, but which adds to its delicacy. As a fruit growing on a tree, durian can be regarded as large or even huge in size, considering the fruit itself can grow as big as 30 centimeters (12 inch) long and 15 centimeters (6 inch) in diameter, Durian was originated from Malaysia and Indonesia. [62] Dried durian flesh can be made into kripik durian (durian chips). [49], Other comparisons have been made with the civet, sewage, stale vomit, skunk spray and used surgical swabs. Now what can you actually DO with durian? [16][17], A draft genome analysis of durian indicates it has about 46,000 coding and non-coding genes, among which a class called methionine gamma lyases – which regulate the odour of organosulfur compounds – may be primarily responsible for the distinct durian odour. While Wallace cautions that "the smell of the ripe fruit is certainly at first disagreeable", later descriptions by Westerners are more graphic in detail. [50] Durian flesh contains diverse polyphenols, especially myricetin, and various carotenoids, including a rich content of beta-carotene. [3] The petals of durian flowers are eaten in the North Sumatra province of Indonesia and Sarawak of Malaysia, while in the Moluccas islands the husk of the durian fruit is used as fuel to smoke fish. [51], The fruit's strong smell led to its ban from the subway in Singapore; it is not used in many hotels because of its pungency. This pulp is the edible part, and its consistence and flavour are indescribable. [10] The latter belief can be traced back at least to the 18th century when Rumphius stated that one should not drink alcohol after eating durians as it will cause indigestion and bad breath. Wash the seeds until it is clean. [88], For a complete list of known species of Durio, see, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Hail the king of fruit - 10 types of durians from Malaysia", "A review on the nutritional, medicinal, molecular and genome attributes of durian (, "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website – Malvales", "Phylogeny of the core Malvales: evidence from ndhF sequence data", "Support for an expanded family concept of Malvaceae within a recircumscribed order Malvales: a combined analysis of plastid atpB and rbcL DNA sequences", "The draft genome of tropical fruit durian (Durio zibethinus)", "Durian Exporting Strategy, National Durian Database (กลยุทธการส่งออกทุเรียน)", "Comprehensive List of Durian Clones Registered by the Agriculture Department (of Malaysia)", "Fans Sour on Sweeter Version of Asia's Smelliest Fruit", "Panduan Lengkap Durian untuk Pencinta Raja Buah", "10 variations of durians - the King of Fruits - Metro News | The Star Online", "Variability analysis of Sukun durian plant (Durio zibethinus) based on RAPD marker", "Durian: the foul-smelling fruit that could make Malaysia millions", "Durians Smell Awful – But the Taste Is Heavenly", "Bioactive compounds, nutritional value, and potential health benefits of indigenous durian (, "Smelly durian fruit sends six to hospital and forces evacuation", "Sumatran tiger inspects durian fruit on forest floor", "Durians and booze: worse than a stinking hangover", "Jakarta: A city we learn to love but never to like", "Baby boy killed by falling durian in Jawi", "China's hunger for durian threatens Malaysian forests: Environmentalists", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durian&oldid=991445329, Articles needing additional references from November 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 30 November 2020, at 02:40. Up to 40 percent of a D15 is edible, while some other local durians have a ratio as low as 10 percent. It is often used in baking and desserts. The durian seeds, which are the size of chestnuts, can be eaten whether they are boiled, roasted or fried in coconut oil, with a texture that is similar to taro or yam, but stickier. [22], Some scientists have hypothesised that the development of monothecate anthers and larger flowers (compared to those of the remaining genera in Durioneae) in the clade consisting of Durio, Boschia, and Cullenia was in conjunction with a transition from beetle pollination to vertebrate pollination. The genus Durio has a complex taxonomy that has seen the subtraction and addition of many species since it was created by Rumphius. A rich custard highly flavoured with almonds gives the best general idea of it, but there are occasional wafts of flavour that call to mind cream-cheese, onion-sauce, sherry-wine, and other incongruous dishes. Grind the dried mixture with a grinding machine. The flesh can be consumed at various stages of ripeness, and it is used to flavour a wide variety of savoury and sweet desserts in Southeast Asian cuisines. The durian fruit can hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination. [73] Likewise, the oddly shaped Esplanade building in Singapore (Theatres on the Bay) is often called "The Durian" by locals,[73] and "The Big Durian" is the nickname of Jakarta, Indonesia.[74]. [71], The durian is commonly known as the "king of fruits",[5] a label that can be attributed to its formidable look and overpowering odour. His theory was that endozoochory (the enticement of animals to transport seeds in their stomach) arose before any other method of seed dispersal, and that primitive ancestors of Durio species were the earliest practitioners of that dispersal method, in particular red durian (D. dulcis) exemplifying the primitive fruit of flowering plants. [10] Since the bases of the scales develop into spines as the fruit matures, sometimes spineless durians are produced artificially by scraping scales off immature fruits. In 100 grams, raw or fresh frozen durian provides 33% of the Daily Value (DV) of thiamine and moderate content of other B vitamins, vitamin C, and the dietary mineral manganese (15–24% DV, table). This waste is potential of value-added such as seed gum. Seeds colors ranged from yellowish brown to reddish brown. Animals such as Sumatran elephants and tigers are known to consume durians. [10] Durio sensu stricto comprises 24 of these species. ^ The traveller Wallace cites is Linschott (Wallace's spelling for Jan Huyghen van Linschoten), whose name appears repeatedly in Internet searches on durian, with such citations themselves tracing back to Wallace. More than 200 cultivars of D. zibethinus exist in Thailand. Disclaimer | Term of Use | Privacy Policy | Contact. Some individuals are unable to differentiate these smells and find this fruit noxious, whereas others find it pleasant and appealing. [44] A saying in Indonesian, durian jatuh sarung naik, meaning "the durian falls and the sarong comes up", refers to this belief. For example, in Singapore the strong demand for high quality cultivars such as the D24 (Sultan), and Musang King (Mao Shan Wang) has resulted in typical retail prices of between S$8 to S$15 (US$5 to US$10) per kilogram of whole fruit in 2007. A durian that falls off the tree continues to ripen for two to four days, but after five or six days most would consider it overripe and unpalatable,[3] although some Thais proceed from that point to cook it with palm sugar, creating a dessert called durian (or thurian) guan.[59]. Since this species is open-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour, size of flesh and seed, and tree phenology. Regular Seeds have a 5% chance of growing Durians. [47], b. In this area, apart from being cultivated, there are many durian fruits that grow wild. Boiled it for 10 minutes in boiling water. Fresh durian seed consists largely of starch and can be considered such a suitable raw material for producing biodegradable films. are now considered by some to comprise their own genus, Boschia. In 1741, Herbarium Amboinense by the German botanist Georg Eberhard Rumphius was published, providing the most detailed and accurate account of durians for over a century. [10] Durian consumers express preferences for specific cultivars, which fetch higher prices in the market.[23]. [19] During the early stages of its taxonomical study, there was some confusion between durian and the soursop (Annona muricata), for both of these species had thorny green fruit. When you buy a whole durian, you must use a sharp knife to cut open the shell to reveal the custard-like fruit inside before you can eat it. Next time, I'm going to add a little vanilla and cinnamon. Fresh durian seed consists largely of starch and can be considered such a suitable raw material for producing biodegradable films. But, contradictory to what most people believe that such a seed is useless, it is actually has a lot of nutritional value and usability hidden in its hostile rumoured nature. The recommended method of budding is patch budding. Sometimes the ash of the burned rind is added to special cakes. [42] Many consumers in Singapore are nevertheless quite willing to spend up to around S$75 (US$50) on a single purchase of about half a dozen of the favoured fruit to be shared by family members.[23]. However, the nineteenth-century British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace described its flesh as "a rich custard highly flavoured with almonds". So please, be careful and make sure you consume a cooked or processed durian seeds products! [3][44][45], This strong odour can be detected half a mile away by animals, thus luring them. The most cultivated species is Durio zibethinus. Durian connoisseurs love its bittersweet taste and sticky, creamy buttery texture. [34] Notable varieties are Sukundurian (Central Java),[34] Petruk (Jepara,[35] Central Java),[34] sitokong (Betawi),[34] sijapang (Betawi),[34] Simas (Bogor),[34] Sunan (Jepara),[34] si dodol[34] and si hijau (South Kalimantan). Durian is used to treat different diseases and issues like malaria, phlegm, cold, and jaundice. The smell evokes reactions from deep appreciation to intense disgust, and has been described variously as rotten onions, turpentine, and raw sewage. Grafting techniquesused are inarching, cleft graftin… Health benefits of durian as best energy booster fruits also not known yet around the world. [54][55] While some of these animals eat the fruit and dispose of the seed under the parent plant, others swallow the seed with the fruit, and then transport it some distance before excreting, with the seed being dispersed as a result. Durian is one of the most divisive foods in the world. [68] In the 18th century, Johann Anton Weinmann considered the durian to belong to Castaneae as its fruit was similar to the horse chestnut. 2.1 Starch Extraction of Durian Seed Starch that was used in this research of bioplatic was starch that was extracted from durian seeds. This naming though is not coming from out of nowhere, but more of the spite image of the exterior of the fruit itself, which has a lot of spikes. Each cultivar has a distinct taste and odour. A naturally spineless variety of durian growing wild in Davao, Philippines, was discovered in the 1960s; fruits borne from these seeds also lacked spines. Nutritional content of durian per 100 grams (about 3 fruits with seed) Durian, For some people it sounded not only so unusual but the existence of the fruit itself become a major controversy. [10] In Malaysia, a spineless durian clone D172 is registered by Agriculture Department on 17 June 1989. [47] He cited one traveller from 1599:[b] "it is of such an excellent taste that it surpasses in flavour all other fruits of the world, according to those who have tasted it. Similar to other fruits like acai, mango, jackfruit, golden berry, mangosteen and noni, fresh varieties are limited to tropical climates. Take out the seed and separates it from the aril (flesh of the fruits) nicely.