Cephalopods' eyes are also sensitive to the plane of polarization of light. The retina is a layer of tissue where the image that passes through cornea (the eye's window) and lens gets sent to the brain. "Cephalopod vision is acute, and training experiments have shown that the Common Octopus can distinguish the brightness, size, shape, and horizontal or vertical orientation of objects. Unlike the vertebrate eye, a cephalopod eye is focused through movement, much like the lens of a camera or telescope, rather than changing shape as the lens in the human eye does. Humans and large animals have a single lens eye structure most commonly referred to as a camera eye. In some cephalopods the eyes are as complex as the human eye, and the eye of the giant squid is enormous. The goat and sheep's eye is similar to a human eye, with a lens, cornea, iris and retina. Dr. Eddy M. del Rio. Unlike the vertebrate camera eye, the cephalopods' form as invaginations of the body surface (rather than outgrowths of the brain), and consequently they lack a cornea. The eye is approximately spherical, as is the lens, which is fully internal. A reasonable observer should be astonished at the brashness of such claims. The last common ancestor of cephalopods and vertebrates existed more than 500m years ago. chimps eyes have positional mapping for tree climbing that is 10x faster than human eye movement, so eyes have specializations for fine movement, distance, speed, narrow, wide, all very refined. A crucial difference though, is that the retina is shaped like a rectangle. $\begingroup$ monkey eyes can move so fast as to examine 10 branches and stems every second while they jump through the trees with awesome focus and positional mapping. Much like a camera, our eyes use a single lens to focus light on the retina in order to create an image in the brain. Cephalopods have a camera eye with the same features as the vertebrate camera eye. Human eye Octopus eye Octopus, squid and terrestrial gastropods (slugs and snails) have photoreceptors in the ‘correct’ side of the retina. Unlike the vertebrate eye, a cephalopod eye is focused through movement, much like the lens of a camera or telescope, rather than changing shape as the lens in the human eye does. Like wings, eyes have evolved multiple times in different lineages of animals. The basic difference between the cephalopod eye and the human eye may be seen here and a detailed diagram of the cephalopod retina may be seen here. Such is the case with the human eye. They have no blind spot! Most cephalopod eyes, like human eyes, contain an iris, pupil, lens, and in some cases, a cornea. ... found that Pax6 RNA splicing has led to the development of a camera eye in a surprising lineage which occurs in the cephalopods – … Diseases that Affect the Retina • Macular degeneration – Fovea and small surrounding area are destroyed This offers these ungulates massive peripheral vision, a panoramic field of 320-340 degrees! Cephalopods are famous for their eyes. Importantly, the cephalopod camera eye arose completely independently from ours. Surprisingly in light of their ability to change color, most are probably color blind."